Towards the end of the last century the novel took a serious turn towards the contemporary life and realities of the young generations of India. However, the independence of Pakistan in 1947 greatly affected the novel, bringing up questions of identity and migration as can be seen in the major works of Intezar Hussain and Quratulain Haider. He was not novlist but a short story writer. They also covered the changing times under the progressive writing movement inspired by Sajjad Zaheer. Initially, Urdu novels focused on urban social life, eventually widening in scope to include rural social life. Mirzā Mughal Ghāfil), and Talism Hoshruba by Muhammad Husain Azad.
Other famous Urdu dastans include Nau tarz-i murassa‘ by Husain ‘Atā Khān Tahsīn, Nau ā'īn-i hindī ( Qissa-i Malik Mahmūd Gīti-Afroz) by Mihr Chand Khatrī, Jazb-i ‘ishq by Shāh Husain Haqīqat, Nau tarz-i murassa‘ by Muhammad Hādī (a.k.a. These include Bagh-oBahar ( The Garden and Spring) by Mir Amman, Mazhab-i-Ishq ( The Religion of Love) by Nihalchand Lahori, Araish-i-Mahfil ( The Adornment of the Assembly) by Hyderbakhsh Hyderi, and Gulzar-i-Chin ( The Flower Bed of Chin) by Khalil Ali Khan Ashq. Most of the narrative dastans were recorded in the early nineteenth century, representing the inclusion of 'wandering' motifs borrowed from the folklore of the Middle East, central Asia and northern India. The oldest known Urdu dastans are Dastan-i-Amir Hamza, recorded in the early seventeenth century, and the on longer extant Bustan-iKhayal ( The Garden of Imagination or The Garden of Khayal) by Mir Taqi Khayal (d. Dastan was particularly popular in Urdu literature, typologically close to other narrative genres in Eastern literatures, such as Persian masnawi, Punjabi qissa, Sindhi waqayati bait, etc., and also reminiscent of the European novel. Dastan's plots are based both on folklore and classical literary subjects. It was assimilated by individual authors. The genre originated in the Middle East and was disseminated by folk storytellers. It is said that the Urdu language acquired the status of a literary language due to his contributions. His poetry has been compiled into Dewan or volume entitled 'Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah.' Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah had the distinction of being the first Saheb-e-dewan Urdu poet and is credited with introducing a new sensibility into prevailing genres of Persian/Urdu poetry. He also wrote poetry in Telugu language, Persian language and Urdu language. Sultan Muhammed Quli Qutb Shah was a scholar in Persian and Arabic.
While the couplets that come down from him are representative of a latter-Prakrit Hindi bereft of Arabo-Persian vocabulary, his influence on court viziers and writers must have been transcendental, for a century after his death Quli Qutub Shah was speaking a language that might be considered to be Urdu. He is credited with the systematization of northern Indian classical music, including Hindustani music, and he wrote works both in Persian and Hindavi. Perhaps the best known name in connection with Urdu Ghazal is that of Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib who “sang of life in all its phases, and was perhaps the most cosmopolitan and original poet in Urdu”.Amir Khusro exercised great influence on the initial growth of not only Urdu literature, but the language itself (which only truly took shape as distinguished from both Persian and proto-Hindi around the 14th century). Names of notable writers are: Mirza Jan-i-Janan Mazhar, Khwaja Mir Dard, Muhammad Rafi Sauda, Mir Hasan. In the north Urdu literature flourished when political decadence came about in early 18th century and Persian lost ground.
Urdu poetry has a few literary genres-the masnavi, a long amorous or mystical narrative poem qasida, something like an ode, a panegyric ghazal, lyrical poem composed of self-contained couplets with a single metre and mood marsia (elegies) rekhtis and nazm. However it was in the Deccan in the Bahmani, Golconda and Bijapur courts that it first achieved literary status. Amir Khusro was the first to employ the language for literary purpose. The Western Sauraseni Apabhramsa is the source of the grammatical structure of Urdu though the vocabulary of the language, its idioms and literary traditions owe heavily to Turkish and Persian. The same Khari Boli that gave rise to Hindi also gave rise to Urdu around the 11th century AD.
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